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There is no other crime as heinous as the crime of forcible rape. The very thought of forcing one to perform sexually against his or her own will is deplorable. Unfortunately, in the United States (U. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. ), someone is raped every two minutes (RAINN, 2010). The traumatic experience of being raped inhibits some victims from reporting the crime to the local authorities. Victims have been conditioned to expect the worst if the case actually goes to trial. Without reporting the crime, the sexual predator is free to roam the streets and re-offend whenever the urge hits. Rarely is the crime of rape about sex, but rather it involves the psychological distortion of having control over another human being. Courtrooms across the U. S. have been taking the necessary measures to ensure the privacy, protection, and emotional stability of the victim in order to secure that justice is rendered. In June of 2001, a young woman was sleeping in her bed with her young daughter in the next room. At approximately 1:00 a. m. , her home was broken into by an in-law and she was brutally raped repeatedly. To make matters worse, the young woman was three months pregnant with her unborn son. The attacker left, at or around 4:00 a. m. , the young woman sat motionless in the floor of her room trying to conceive what had just transpired. Her young daughter awoke around 7:00 a. m. , to which she snapped out of her daze, retrieved her young daughter, and immediately called the police. What transpired after this atrocious chain of events is of great importance to anyone who has been sexually assaulted. The prosecutor opened the case with a summation of the aforementioned events. The trial began in September 2001 following the Grand Jury indictment in August of the same year. The prosecutor compared the defendant’s behavior to that of a ravaging animal meticulously seeking out its prey. The victim was present, but the prosecutor and the victim’s advocate kept her LEGAL ISSUES 3 segregated in another area of the courthouse to avoid any emotional or physical upset that could be detrimental to her or her unborn child. The defense opened with a statement referencing the defendant’s prior knowledge of the victim and cited that he felt that there was a mutual attraction between him and the alleged victim. He then added that what had occurred was not rape, but rather a sexual encounter to which the victim later felt remorse and guilt for it having happened. The prosecution called several witnesses including the doctor who had examined and performed a rape kit on the victim following the rape. The doctor concurred that the victim had several vaginal tears which were consistent with the victim resisting her attacker. He further stated that the victim was bleeding vaginally causing much concern due to the fact that she was pregnant. Bleeding vaginally in this instance could have been caused by the amount of force used during the attack, but the doctor concluded that the utmost concern at that moment was whether or not the victim experiencing a miscarriage. The prosecution also called the victim to the stand. The victim’s voice seemed shaky and quiet. She was tearful throughout much of her testimony. The prosecution asked the victim to please explain to the court what happened on the night she was attacked. Through tears and sobs she managed to recount the events of that night. Finally, the prosecution asked the victim if she could identify her attacker. The victim then pointed to the defendant. The defense attorney cross-examined the victim, but he did not cross the medical expert. He asked the victim if she knew the defendant. The victim stated that she did know him because he was her husband’s uncle. The defense then asked the victim where her husband was on the night of the attack, and she stated that he was working the midnight shift at the steel mill. His shifts were also noted to be twelve hour shifts. The defense insinuated that there was an emotional LEGAL ISSUES 4 relationship between the victim and the defendant, but the victim stated that if there were an emotional relationship, then it was only in the mind of the defendant. The defense concluded that he was finished examining the witness, and she was excused from the courtroom. The defense then rested without calling the defendant to testify on his own behalf. During closing arguments, the prosecution made reference to the defendant’s prior criminal record of sexual assault. The defense objected, but the judge overruled the objection. The prosecutor again stated that the defendant’s behavior was barbaric and inhumane. He pleaded to the jury to find the defendant guilty in order to protect society as a whole. The defense closed by stating that the entire incident was that of a woman of got caught up in the throes of passion but then later felt guilty as she was a married woman. He stated that his client was not guilty of raping the victim, but rather guilty of adultery if anything. Both sides then rested. The judge instructed the jury as to how and what they were to rule upon. Within two hours, the jury returned because the defendant had chosen to change his plea from not guilty to guilty. The prosecutor agreed and the judge decided to hear the plea bargain. In exchange for the defendant pleading guilty, the court sentenced the defendant to 37 years in the state’s maximum security prison, but the state suspended 10 of the 37 years. Following the defendant’s release, he would immediately register as a sex offender and would be on supervised probation for the following 10 years. The judge further ordered that the defendant would never be allowed to have any contact of any kind with the victim, her family, her children, or any subsequent children born to the victim. This plea bargain allowed the defendant to avoid the possibility of having to serve between 40-60 years in prison. LEGAL ISSUES 5 Some may feel that the defendant got off fairly easy, but at least he was forced to pay his debt to society. This case can be referenced in Commonwealth of Virginia v. Benjamin Clyde Newman (2001). The victim continues to struggle with psychological issues resulting from the attack even today. Her young daughter has no memory of anything, and her unborn son was born perfectly healthy. She and her husband have since divorced, but the victim has moved on. She completed her undergraduate degree in Pre-Law and is now attending Duke School of Law. Her hope is to one day be a prosecutor. References RAINN. (2010). Sexual assault numbers. Retrieved from http://www. rainn. org/statistics How to cite Legal Issues, Papers Legal issues Free Essays Are Deed. Charlie and Bella also liable for the lawsuit against the firm by their client Mr.. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now Laurent.? 2. If so how far responsible are the other partners for Jakes mistake? 3. If no other partner liable, what excludes them? 4. Are there any defenses to any of the members of the firm from being liable to the lawsuit? Law: Partnerships partnership Act 1891 (SLD) Nature of Partnership Determination of existence of partnership Joint venture partnership Liability of Incoming partner Dissolution of partnerships Company Law Khan v Amah [2000] ‘Nature of partnership’ Cox v Carlson [1916] ‘Joint venture and partnership’ – ‘how the partnerships are created and what sustains them’ Hammerer Pity Ltd v Egg [1996] ‘Liability of retiring partner’ – does a recently retired partner have any liability to the losses or profits of the firm? ‘ Application â€Å"The rule s that persons who agree to carry on a business activity as a joint venture d not become partners until they actually embark on the activity in question† (text, 328). This Is In regards to Bella who claimed she had no liability towards the lawsuit against the firm as she had only been working there a short while and was not at work the time the accident happened. Bella had however been working there with a â€Å"view for profit† (Text, 328) which happened to be the activity in question. With this same question in mind t has been stated that † It is possible for a person to be a partner even though they do not have a claim to the share of the profit† (text,328). Bella had not contributed any capital upon joining the firm but still took on the Job of a partner at the firm through assistance. Unlike the case of â€Å"Cox† (text,331 ) whereby ACH party was found with different liabilities for their parts of the Joint venture â€Å"Magic Zillions† Is a deferent case as they were continuing with the business In an effort to get a profit. â€Å"Where there is profit sharing and a more integrated business structure† (text. 30) as n the case of Magic Zillions it means that there was an aim for profit which is what considers the determination of existence of a Partnership amongst all four persons. In order for a ‘partner’ to have been qualified as retired there has to be written confirmation that Charlie had actually been excluded from his entity and all its business, but the case does not well specify this. The implied 1 OFF partner it means that they â€Å"must contribute equally towards losses† (text,335) a nd in this case the loss is the lawsuit which is aimed at everyone a part of ‘Magic Zillions’. A partner who retires from a firm does not thereby cease to be liable for the partnership debts incurred before their retirement† (text,343), this case of the Liability of retiring partner falls on Charlie. † Charlie has since retired from the business due to stress and ill-health and has limited personal funds† ( facts), although Charlie had been retired but still part of the entity during the accident it disqualifies him from not being liable for the lawsuit against ‘Magic Zillions’ as he was a partner then when the accident happened. Conclusion On the balance of Probabilities the Magistrates court would find that Deed, Charlie, Jake as well as Bella are all partners of ‘Magic Zillions’ due to the evidence and supporting cases mentioned above and all would have to contribute to the $30,000 to the plaintiff, Mr.. Laurent to cover the injures he faced upon entering the premises of the defendants, ‘Magic Zillions† How to cite Legal issues, Papers Legal Issues Free Essays Security Awareness and Training Program (for Nancy Johnson and other similarly situated employees) Nancy Johnson and other employees were terminated from their jobs by the administrator of the company, US Bancorp Comprehensive Welfare Benefit Plan Committee. The â€Å"Cause† of Johnson’s termination of employment is â€Å"willful and gross misconduct†; when Johnson accessed the files of her supervisor containing the 2002 performance level of the company’s employees. When Johnson was denied the severance payment (she was able to access a file that contains the proposed merging of US Bancorp with another company – some employees would be terminated with severance payment, except those who were involved in gross misconduct), she requested for a summary judgment to the district court. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now The district court favored Johnson arguing that the company did not establish a security information system that would prevent employees from accessing the files of the company. The committee though wrote an appeal to the circuit court arguing that the court erred in its interpretation of the provisions of the plan. The circuit court agreed to the arguments of the committee, arguing that since no official interpretation as to the use of the terms â€Å"willful and gross misconduct†, the administrator of the plan can apply these terms to similar situations. The severance payment to Johnson was therefore denied. Information security awareness and training programs then should be designed based on the so-called Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984. The statute â€Å"criminalizes unauthorized access to a ‘protected computer’ with the intent to obtain information, defraud, obtain anything of value or cause damage to a computer† (Security Awareness Laws, http://www.massachusetts.edu/lawsfaq/faq.cfm#7).   The so-called ‘protected computer’ is a computer used for foreign or communication purposes (as in the case of the plaintiff) and for interstate interaction. Without authorization from the Department of Defense or the Foreign Affairs, accessing information from said institutions is deemed illegal. Also read: Explain Legal Issues, Policies and Procedures Relevant to Assessment Sharing of passwords, computer fraud, and damage of essential federal information are also deemed illegal. The law was extended to include private computers. In the case of the defendant (the corporation), it must institute narrower definitions as to the terms â€Å"willful and gross misconduct.† This will definitely also narrow the options for employees who are accessing important information from the company’s database. The employees must be first acquainted ( by memorandum) of the sites allowed to use during office work. Security Awareness and Training Program (for Scott Moulton) The plaintiff, Scott Moulton accused the defendant of probing the former’s network of clients. Defendant claims statements from Moulton concerning the defendant were defamatory. First is the statement made by Moulton to C.J. Johns, information systems manager for the Cherokee County’s Sheriff’s Office (December 19, 1999) that defendant had created security risks and that defendants network employees were stupid. The second is the statements made by Moulton that the way defendant planned to connect the Police Department to two systems created a security risk from the internet. Lastly, statements from the plaintiff said that defendant’s network had created a security risk. The plaintiff though argued that these statements were merely opinions. People may agree or disagree with the statements made. The court though granted the defendant summary judgment for the failure of the plaintiff to run a put test in the project. The plaintiff was also granted a summary judgment for the failure of the defendant to reduce the security risks. The US Congress passed a bill on July 2004, stating that internet probing of contractors to government websites (contractors duly approved to negotiate for the construction of website connections between government offices) can only be legal on three counts: 1) probing does not in any way create security risks for the government office involved, 2) the probing would not result to malversation of any public information, and 3) such probing must be requested by the client government office, with approval from its head office. Though the case was a posteriori since the bill was passed before the case was filed, it would be good for government offices to follow the guidelines of the law on internet probing of intergovernmental offices. Hence, law analysts saw the law as the â€Å"most Balearic† safeguard of the government from hackers. Security Awareness and Training Program (for Dewey Watkins) The plaintiff, Dewey Watkins requested the district court to cancel a computer access code that had been assigned to him and was being used (with the supervisor’s approval) by another authorized employee. The code provided access to confidential records maintained for Tennessee’s Medicaid Program. The plaintiff argued that the action of the supervisor violated the confidentiality provision of the state law. The plaintiff also accused EDS of terminating his employment when the former refused to participate in the â€Å"illegal† conduct.   The circuit court however affirmed the decision of the district court to grant summary judgment in favor of EDS, for the reason that Tennessee law does not conflict with the general provision of the Confidentiality Law. There was no proof that other employees also use the computer access code, and if there was such a case, it would be legal. It is noteworthy that the same law discussed in case 1 also applies in this case. Sharing of passwords to access public documents is clearly prohibited by law. Nonetheless, although the terms â€Å"public information† was the focus of the case, it should be noted that public information are information that have direct link to the public in general. This constitutes government programs, strategic social and economic planning, and of course interstate activities. Security awareness programs must be based on the definition of public information in order to vindicate any instances of sharing passwords or revealing information from government-locked and secured database. References Nancy J. Johnson v. US Bancorp †¦ United States Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit. Appeal from the United States District Court of the District of Minnesota. September 9, 2005. Security Awareness Laws. 2006. University of Massachusetts. URL http://www.massachusetts.edu/lawsfaq/faq.cfm#7. Retrieved September 14, 2007. Scott Allen Moulton and Network Installation Computer Services, Inc., Plaintiffs v. VC3, Defendant. United States District Court, Atlanta Division. Watkins v. EDS. NO. 1:00-CV-434-TWT. United States Court of Appeals No. 03-6353. United states Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. November 2, 2004.    How to cite Legal Issues, Essay examples